If you’re among the growing number of Nova Scotians escaping winter for warmer southern climates, this is a February melt you don’t want to ignore: tax and residency rules.

Whether your sand stays snowy in your dreams or you're planning an extended U.S. escape, here’s what to know so your tax season stays chill.

1. You’re Still a Canadian Tax Resident, Until You’re Not

Canada’s CRA uses a 183-day rule for residency. If you're a factual resident, say, you still keep your home, driver’s license, or family here, you’ll continue to be taxed on your world income, even while lounging poolside.

If you spend fewer than 183 days in Canada, and don’t maintain significant residential ties, you might become a non-resident, or "deemed non-resident" depending on your other ties and tax treaty rules. 

2. U.S. Tax Residency: The Sneaky Substantial Presence Test

Heading south? The U.S. has its own rule, the Substantial Presence Test (SPT). You may be considered a U.S. tax resident if:

• You’re in the U.S. for 31 days this year, and
• Your weighted days over three years equal or exceed 183 days (all days this year + 1/3 of last year + 1/6 of the year before that)

Even if you escape the 183-day annual limit, you might still trip the SPT. Keep precise records or you could be taxed on your entire worldwide income by the IRS.

3. Optional Lifesaver: Closer Connection Exception & Tax Treaty

Met the SPT but still think Canada is home? You can avoid U.S. tax residency by filing IRS Form 8840, proving you have a "closer connection" to Canada—based on your home, family, banking, voter registration, etc.—and that you spent fewer than 183 days in the U.S

If you hit U.S. residency anyway, the Canada–U.S. Tax Treaty has “tie-breaker” rules that can help—and might require Form 1040NR and 8833. 4. CRA vs. IRS: Which Country Are You Owing Taxes To?

4. CRA vs. IRS: Which Country Are You Owing Taxes To?

If both countries claim you, taxes can get messy. But properly using the closer connection exemption—or avoiding SPT—usually lets you stick with Canada for tax purposes. Filing Form NR73 or NR74 with the CRA can give clarity and peace of mind.

5. Pro Tips for Smart Snowbird Tax Planning

• Track your days across both countries—just a few extra nights can change your tax status drastically.
• File IRS forms on time (Form 8840 or 1040NR by June 15). Missing deadlines can mean surprise U.S. tax filings the next year.
• When worried, consult a cross-border tax pro—tax treaties and rules are deceptively complex.

Final Thoughts

Snowbirding can be a dream. Don’t let tax surprises ruin the peace. Know the rules—across both borders—so your winter escape stays relaxing and rewarding.

Happy travels (and happy tax planning)!